Tiven

Tiven

博观而约取,厚积而薄发

天问的个人网站(天问博客),专注于Node.js、Vue.js、React、Vite、Npm、Nginx等大前端技术。不断学习新技术,记录日常开发问题,持续分享coding,极客开源,共同进步。生命不息,奋斗不止... [ hexo blog ]

Vue 打包优化之 externals 抽离公共的第三方库


使用 @vue/cli 脚手架构建的 Vue 全家桶项目,默认配置下,打包后会把 vuevue-routeraxiosvuexelement-uiecharts 等公共库打包在一起,导致基础 chunkvendor 包体积特别大,有时一个文件能达到 3-5MB,这会大大影响首次加载速度。因此需要抽离第三方公共库,配合使用 CDN 加速。

Vue Externals

一、前言

项目依赖:

{
  "name": "vue-web",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "private": true,
  "scripts": {
    "start": "vue-cli-service serve --mode local",
    "dev": "vue-cli-service serve --mode dev",
    "test": "vue-cli-service build --mode test",
    "serve": "vue-cli-service serve ",
    "s": "nodemon --watch vue.config.js --exec \"npm start\"",
    "build": "vue-cli-service build",
    "build:az": "vue-cli-service build --report",
    "git": "tive git -c tive.git.config.js",
    "lint": "vue-cli-service lint"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "axios": "^0.18.1",
    "d3": "^6.7.0",
    "dagre-d3": "^0.6.4",
    "echarts": "^5.3.3",
    "element-ui": "^2.15.9",
    "v-clipboard": "^2.2.3",
    "vue": "^2.7.10",
    "vue-router": "^3.6.5",
    "vuex": "^3.6.2"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@vue/cli-plugin-babel": "^3.12.1",
    "@vue/cli-plugin-eslint": "^3.12.1",
    "@vue/cli-service": "^3.12.1",
    "compression-webpack-plugin": "^3.0.0",
    "html-webpack-externals-plugin": "^3.8.0",
    "less": "^3.13.1",
    "less-loader": "^4.1.0",
    "msw": "^0.47.3",
    "msw-tools": "latest",
    "uglifyjs-webpack-plugin": "^2.2.0",
    "vue-template-compiler": "^2.7.10",
    "webpack-bundle-analyzer": "^4.7.0"
  },
  "eslintConfig": {
    "root": true,
    "env": {
      "node": true
    },
    "extends": [
      "plugin:vue/essential",
      "eslint:recommended"
    ],
    "rules": {},
    "parserOptions": {
      "parser": "babel-eslint"
    }
  },
  "postcss": {
    "plugins": {
      "autoprefixer": {}
    }
  },
  "browserslist": [
    "> 1%",
    "last 2 versions",
    "not dead",
    "not ie 11"
  ],
  "msw": {
    "workerDirectory": "public"
  }
}

案例:项目整体使用了 element-ui,其中后台服务消费监控可视化引入了 echarts,元数据表血缘关系图使用了 d3dagre-d3,这几个库本身体积就不小,打包到一起后体积更大。

二、优化配置

  1. 安装 html-webpack-externals-plugin
npm i -D html-webpack-externals-plugin
  1. 配置 vue.config.js
const CompressionWebpackPlugin = require('compression-webpack-plugin')
const UglifyJsPlugin = require('uglifyjs-webpack-plugin')
const { BundleAnalyzerPlugin } = require('webpack-bundle-analyzer')
const HtmlWebpackExternalsPlugin = require('html-webpack-externals-plugin')

const isProduction = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production'

module.exports = {
  publicPath: '/datalk/',
  assetsDir: 'static',
  lintOnSave: false,
  productionSourceMap: false,
  devServer: {
    headers: {
      'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*',
    },
    host: '0.0.0.0',
    port: 1024,
    disableHostCheck: true,
    proxy: {
      '/api': {
        target: 'https://tiven.cn/api',
        changeOrigin: true,
        ws: true,
        pathRewrite: {
          '^/api': '',
        },
      },
    },
  },
  configureWebpack: (config) => {
    if (isProduction) {
      config.performance = {
        hints: false,
      }
      config.plugins.push(
        new CompressionWebpackPlugin({
          algorithm: 'gzip',
          test: new RegExp('\\.(' + ['js', 'css'].join('|') + ')$'),
          threshold: 10240,
          minRatio: 0.8,
        })
      )
    } else {
      config.devtool = 'source-map'
    }
    
    // HtmlWebpackExternalsPlugin 关键配置 start
    config.plugins.push(
      new HtmlWebpackExternalsPlugin({
        externals: [
          {
            module: 'vue',
            entry: {
              path: 'dist/vue.min.js',
              type: 'js',
            },
            global: 'Vue',
          },
          {
            module: 'element-ui',
            entry: ['lib/index.js', 'lib/theme-chalk/index.css'],
            supplements: ['lib/theme-chalk/fonts/'],
            global: 'ELEMENT',
          },
          {
            module: 'axios',
            entry: {
              path: 'dist/axios.min.js',
            },
            global: 'axios',
          },
          {
            module: 'echarts',
            entry: {
              path: 'dist/echarts.min.js',
              attributes: {
                async: '',
                // defer: '',
              },
            },
            global: 'echarts',
            // append: true,
          },
          {
            module: 'd3',
            entry: {
              path: 'dist/d3.min.js',
              attributes: {
                async: '',
              },
            },
            global: 'd3',
          },
          {
            module: 'dagre-d3',
            entry: {
              path: 'dist/dagre-d3.min.js',
              attributes: {
                async: '',
              },
            },
            global: 'dagreD3',
          },
        ],
        // hash: true, // 设置后会在引用脚本时加上 hash,如下所示:
        // <script src='/datalk/vendor/vue/dist/vue.min.js?f452a239c2c0156e7b83'></script>
        // outputPath: 'static/lib', // 输出目录,默认为 vendor
        // publicPath: '/assets/', // 公共路径,默认为 /
      })
    )
    // HtmlWebpackExternalsPlugin 关键配置 end
    
    // 生成打包报告
    if (process.env.npm_lifecycle_event === 'build:az') {
      config.plugins.push(new BundleAnalyzerPlugin())
    }
  },
}

三、配置说明

  • module :库名,也就是 package.json 中的包依赖名。
  • entry :入口,有几种类型,string | array<string> | object | array<object | string>,可以设置 CDN 地址,如:https://cdn.tiven.cn/assets/js/vue.min.js ;也可以设置文件路径,如:dist/vue.min.js,相对于项目的路径就是:node_modules/vue/dist/vue.min.js
  • global :注册到 window 上的全局变量,注意不能配错,否则代码会报错。
  • supplements :补充文件,在上边 element-ui 配置中,因为 css 文件中依赖了大量的 font 字体文件,所以在打包时需要把这些依赖文件根据相对路径复制到 dist 对应的目录中。
  • attributes :设置引用这些抽离出去包的 scriptlink 标签的属性,deferasynccrossoriginglobal 等等,可以根据需要进行配置。

因为首页首次渲染不依赖 echartsd3dagre-d3 等第三方库,所以给 script 标签加上了 async 属性,脚本相对于页面的其余部分异步地执行(当页面继续进行解析时,脚本将被执行),这样可以不阻塞页面渲染,提升首屏加载速度,提高用户体验。

四、打包对比

使用 webpack-bundle-analyzer 生成打包报告,优化前如图所示:

Vue BundleAnalyzer Report

优化后如图所示:

Vue BundleAnalyzer Report

公共包被抽离出去,chunk 包总体积从 2.8MB 变成 670KB ,减小了 70% 多,优化效果很明显。

五、打包输出

打包后 dist 目录:

dist/
  static/
    css/
    ...
    img/
    ...
    js/
      app.f462a90f.js
      app.f462a90f.js.gz
      chunk-0af562fc.fcb27ef3.js
      chunk-1f6412f4.625202a5.js
      chunk-1f6412f4.625202a5.js.gz
      ...
  vendor/
    axios/
      dist/
        axios.min.js  
        axios.min.js.gz
    d3/
      dist/
        d3.min.js    
        d3.min.js.gz
    dagre-d3/
      dist/
        dagre-d3.min.js    
        dagre-d3.min.js.gz
    echarts/
      dist/
        echarts.min.js    
        echarts.min.js.gz
    element-ui/
      lib/
        theme-chalk/
          fonts/
            element-icons.ttf
            element-icons.woff
          index.css
          index.css.gz
        index.js    
        index.js.gz
    vue/
      dist/
        vue.min.js    
        vue.min.js.gz
  favicon.ico      
  index.html

打包后,会发现把这些抽离出去的包直接引入到 index.html 中,如下所示:

<body>
  <noscript>
    <strong>
      We're sorry but regeng doesn't work properly without JavaScript enabled. Please enable it to continue.
    </strong>
  </noscript>
  <div id='app'></div>
  <script src='/datalk/vendor/vue/dist/vue.min.js'></script>
  <script src='/datalk/vendor/element-ui/lib/index.js'></script>
  <script src='/datalk/vendor/axios/dist/axios.min.js'></script>
  <script src='/datalk/vendor/echarts/dist/echarts.min.js' async></script>
  <script src='/datalk/vendor/d3/dist/d3.min.js' async></script>
  <script src='/datalk/vendor/dagre-d3/dist/dagre-d3.min.js' async></script>
  <script src='/datalk/static/js/app.f462a90f.js'></script>
</body>

六、踩坑记录

element-ui 配置 externals 时,可能会遇到这样的报错:Uncaught ReferenceError: ElementUI is not defined at element-ui (external "ElementUI":1:1) ,这说明 element-ui 模块的 global 参数配置错了,在全局 window 上找不到,你可能配置的是 ElementUI、Element、element-ui,这些都是不对的。必须是 global: 'ELEMENT'


欢迎访问:天问博客