使用 @vue/cli
脚手架构建的 Vue 全家桶项目,默认配置下,打包后会把 vue
、vue-router
、axios
、vuex
、element-ui
、echarts
等公共库打包在一起,导致基础 chunk
、vendor
包体积特别大,有时一个文件能达到 3-5MB,这会大大影响首次加载速度。因此需要抽离第三方公共库,配合使用 CDN 加速。
一、前言
项目依赖:
{
"name": "vue-web",
"version": "1.0.0",
"private": true,
"scripts": {
"start": "vue-cli-service serve --mode local",
"dev": "vue-cli-service serve --mode dev",
"test": "vue-cli-service build --mode test",
"serve": "vue-cli-service serve ",
"s": "nodemon --watch vue.config.js --exec \"npm start\"",
"build": "vue-cli-service build",
"build:az": "vue-cli-service build --report",
"git": "tive git -c tive.git.config.js",
"lint": "vue-cli-service lint"
},
"dependencies": {
"axios": "^0.18.1",
"d3": "^6.7.0",
"dagre-d3": "^0.6.4",
"echarts": "^5.3.3",
"element-ui": "^2.15.9",
"v-clipboard": "^2.2.3",
"vue": "^2.7.10",
"vue-router": "^3.6.5",
"vuex": "^3.6.2"
},
"devDependencies": {
"@vue/cli-plugin-babel": "^3.12.1",
"@vue/cli-plugin-eslint": "^3.12.1",
"@vue/cli-service": "^3.12.1",
"compression-webpack-plugin": "^3.0.0",
"html-webpack-externals-plugin": "^3.8.0",
"less": "^3.13.1",
"less-loader": "^4.1.0",
"msw": "^0.47.3",
"msw-tools": "latest",
"uglifyjs-webpack-plugin": "^2.2.0",
"vue-template-compiler": "^2.7.10",
"webpack-bundle-analyzer": "^4.7.0"
},
"eslintConfig": {
"root": true,
"env": {
"node": true
},
"extends": [
"plugin:vue/essential",
"eslint:recommended"
],
"rules": {},
"parserOptions": {
"parser": "babel-eslint"
}
},
"postcss": {
"plugins": {
"autoprefixer": {}
}
},
"browserslist": [
"> 1%",
"last 2 versions",
"not dead",
"not ie 11"
],
"msw": {
"workerDirectory": "public"
}
}
案例:项目整体使用了 element-ui
,其中后台服务消费监控可视化引入了 echarts
,元数据表血缘关系图使用了 d3
和 dagre-d3
,这几个库本身体积就不小,打包到一起后体积更大。
二、优化配置
- 安装
html-webpack-externals-plugin
npm i -D html-webpack-externals-plugin
- 配置
vue.config.js
const CompressionWebpackPlugin = require('compression-webpack-plugin')
const UglifyJsPlugin = require('uglifyjs-webpack-plugin')
const { BundleAnalyzerPlugin } = require('webpack-bundle-analyzer')
const HtmlWebpackExternalsPlugin = require('html-webpack-externals-plugin')
const isProduction = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production'
module.exports = {
publicPath: '/datalk/',
assetsDir: 'static',
lintOnSave: false,
productionSourceMap: false,
devServer: {
headers: {
'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*',
},
host: '0.0.0.0',
port: 1024,
disableHostCheck: true,
proxy: {
'/api': {
target: 'https://tiven.cn/api',
changeOrigin: true,
ws: true,
pathRewrite: {
'^/api': '',
},
},
},
},
configureWebpack: (config) => {
if (isProduction) {
config.performance = {
hints: false,
}
config.plugins.push(
new CompressionWebpackPlugin({
algorithm: 'gzip',
test: new RegExp('\\.(' + ['js', 'css'].join('|') + ')$'),
threshold: 10240,
minRatio: 0.8,
})
)
} else {
config.devtool = 'source-map'
}
// HtmlWebpackExternalsPlugin 关键配置 start
config.plugins.push(
new HtmlWebpackExternalsPlugin({
externals: [
{
module: 'vue',
entry: {
path: 'dist/vue.min.js',
type: 'js',
},
global: 'Vue',
},
{
module: 'element-ui',
entry: ['lib/index.js', 'lib/theme-chalk/index.css'],
supplements: ['lib/theme-chalk/fonts/'],
global: 'ELEMENT',
},
{
module: 'axios',
entry: {
path: 'dist/axios.min.js',
},
global: 'axios',
},
{
module: 'echarts',
entry: {
path: 'dist/echarts.min.js',
attributes: {
async: '',
// defer: '',
},
},
global: 'echarts',
// append: true,
},
{
module: 'd3',
entry: {
path: 'dist/d3.min.js',
attributes: {
async: '',
},
},
global: 'd3',
},
{
module: 'dagre-d3',
entry: {
path: 'dist/dagre-d3.min.js',
attributes: {
async: '',
},
},
global: 'dagreD3',
},
],
// hash: true, // 设置后会在引用脚本时加上 hash,如下所示:
// <script src='/datalk/vendor/vue/dist/vue.min.js?f452a239c2c0156e7b83'></script>
// outputPath: 'static/lib', // 输出目录,默认为 vendor
// publicPath: '/assets/', // 公共路径,默认为 /
})
)
// HtmlWebpackExternalsPlugin 关键配置 end
// 生成打包报告
if (process.env.npm_lifecycle_event === 'build:az') {
config.plugins.push(new BundleAnalyzerPlugin())
}
},
}
三、配置说明
- module :库名,也就是
package.json
中的包依赖名。 - entry :入口,有几种类型,
string | array<string> | object | array<object | string>
,可以设置 CDN 地址,如:https://cdn.tiven.cn/assets/js/vue.min.js
;也可以设置文件路径,如:dist/vue.min.js
,相对于项目的路径就是:node_modules/vue/dist/vue.min.js
。 - global :注册到
window
上的全局变量,注意不能配错,否则代码会报错。 - supplements :补充文件,在上边
element-ui
配置中,因为css
文件中依赖了大量的font
字体文件,所以在打包时需要把这些依赖文件根据相对路径复制到dist
对应的目录中。 - attributes :设置引用这些抽离出去包的
script
或link
标签的属性,defer
、async
、crossorigin
、global
等等,可以根据需要进行配置。
因为首页首次渲染不依赖 echarts
、d3
、dagre-d3
等第三方库,所以给 script 标签加上了 async
属性,脚本相对于页面的其余部分异步地执行(当页面继续进行解析时,脚本将被执行),这样可以不阻塞页面渲染,提升首屏加载速度,提高用户体验。
四、打包对比
使用 webpack-bundle-analyzer
生成打包报告,优化前如图所示:
优化后如图所示:
公共包被抽离出去,chunk
包总体积从 2.8MB 变成 670KB ,减小了 70% 多,优化效果很明显。
五、打包输出
打包后 dist 目录:
dist/
static/
css/
...
img/
...
js/
app.f462a90f.js
app.f462a90f.js.gz
chunk-0af562fc.fcb27ef3.js
chunk-1f6412f4.625202a5.js
chunk-1f6412f4.625202a5.js.gz
...
vendor/
axios/
dist/
axios.min.js
axios.min.js.gz
d3/
dist/
d3.min.js
d3.min.js.gz
dagre-d3/
dist/
dagre-d3.min.js
dagre-d3.min.js.gz
echarts/
dist/
echarts.min.js
echarts.min.js.gz
element-ui/
lib/
theme-chalk/
fonts/
element-icons.ttf
element-icons.woff
index.css
index.css.gz
index.js
index.js.gz
vue/
dist/
vue.min.js
vue.min.js.gz
favicon.ico
index.html
打包后,会发现把这些抽离出去的包直接引入到 index.html
中,如下所示:
<body>
<noscript>
<strong>
We're sorry but regeng doesn't work properly without JavaScript enabled. Please enable it to continue.
</strong>
</noscript>
<div id='app'></div>
<script src='/datalk/vendor/vue/dist/vue.min.js'></script>
<script src='/datalk/vendor/element-ui/lib/index.js'></script>
<script src='/datalk/vendor/axios/dist/axios.min.js'></script>
<script src='/datalk/vendor/echarts/dist/echarts.min.js' async></script>
<script src='/datalk/vendor/d3/dist/d3.min.js' async></script>
<script src='/datalk/vendor/dagre-d3/dist/dagre-d3.min.js' async></script>
<script src='/datalk/static/js/app.f462a90f.js'></script>
</body>
六、踩坑记录
element-ui
配置 externals
时,可能会遇到这样的报错:Uncaught ReferenceError: ElementUI is not defined at element-ui (external "ElementUI":1:1)
,这说明 element-ui
模块的 global
参数配置错了,在全局 window 上找不到,你可能配置的是 ElementUI、Element、element-ui,这些都是不对的。必须是 global: 'ELEMENT'
。
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